这是一种艺术形式
It’s an art form that’s been
它已流行数千年并从未消退
around for thousands of years and shows no sign of slowing down.
如果你身上没有 你的朋友们
If you don’t have them, chances are your friends
或至少你喜欢的咖啡师可能有
or at least your favorite barista does:
纹身
Tattoos.
这周我们讲的是墨水 所以仔细想想
This week, we’re all about ink, so think carefully
你想永久性地在身上纹些什么
about what you want on your body permanently
与此同时我们会向你们介绍一些纹身知识
as we tattoo some knowledge on your brain.
每日化学 反应
(SPLASH INTRO)
数千年前 当那个时代的潮流人士纹身时
Thousands of years ago, when hipsters of that era were getting tattoos,
很多材料都曾被当做墨水
many different ingredients were used for inks.
不同颜色由不同的天然物质研磨而来
Different colors came from ground up natural products like copper, ashes,
如铜 灰烬 石墨 树皮 靛蓝等
graphite, tree bark and woad.
如今我们的墨水已发展成熟
Today our inks have evolved, and multiplied.
纹身师有很多不同颜料可以使用
Tattoo artists use so many different pigments for colors
若你有两个不同纹身
that if you have two different tattoos
在两个不同的地方
from two different places, there’s a chance
很可能你右臂上的墨水
that ink in your right arm is made up of
与你左臂上的墨水成分不同
different stuff than that ink in your left arm.
不管墨水的原料是什么 它的配方都很明了
No matter what the ink ingredients are, it’s a straightforward recipe:
固态颜料产生的颜色颗粒悬浮在液态载体中
A solid pigment creates the color and is suspended in a liquid carrier.
液体载体包括任何一种或多种液体 比如水
Liquid carriers can include any onor combination of the following: water,
金缕梅 甘油 丙烯
witch hazel, glycerine, propylene,
乙醇或伏特加 甚至是防腐液
and alcohols anywhere from ethanol to vodka to even Listerine.
也有各种各样的颜料成分
There’s a wide variety pigments ingredients, too.
这里有一些不同颜色的颜料 黑色 棕色
Here’s some of the different forms of black, brown,
红色 绿色 蓝色 紫色 白色
red, green, blues, violets and whites.
为什么纹身是永久的？
Why are tattoos permanent?
你可能知道皮肤细胞只能存活大约
So as you might know, skin cells live forabout
两到三周 但是纹身能一直存在
two or three weeks, but tattoos last forever.
如果你认为
And if you’ve ever thought that tattoo
你内唇上的纹身会在六个月后消失不见
On your inner lip will disappear after six months,
那你就想多了
you’re dead wrong.
相信我 它永远不会消失
It will never disappear… trust me…
来自《华盛顿邮报》谈谈科学栏目的雷切尔·费尔曼
To explain why tattoos are permanent here’s Rachel Feltman
会向我们解释其原因
from the Washington Post’s Speaking of Science.
正巧她现在正在纹身
Conveniently, she is in themiddle of getting a tattoo:
“带有墨水的纹身刺针
“The tattoo needles, which have ink stuck
每分钟在我的皮肤上刺50至3000次
between them, are puncturing my skinabout 50-3,000 times per minute.
刺针刺透皮肤表皮进入到真皮中
They’re going through the epidermisand into the dermis.
在真皮和毛细管中刺出小洞
They’re making holes there and capillary
然后会把墨水绘制在真皮层中
action is drawing ink down into the dermis.
纹身永久存在的原因是
Now what makes a tattoo permanent is
当我的免疫系统试图
when my immune system is trying to save me
帮我治愈所有创口时
from all of wounds that I’m suffering from
基本上 刺针每刺出一个小洞
Basically every time the tattoo needle makes
巨噬细胞都会开始
a hole, macrophage cells will start to go
想办法堵住这些伤口 并且
towards the wounds to try to close it up. And,
因为墨水是异物入侵者
because the ink is a foreign invader, the
所以巨噬细胞会吞噬入侵者墨水来清除它
macrophage cells gobble it up to try to get rid of it.
但是当巨噬细胞吞噬了大量的墨水
But instead the macrophage cells with bellies full of ink,
就会被卡在真皮层中的胶凝基质
get stuck in the gel-matrix in the dermis.
它们只能永远呆在那里
And they stay there pretty much forever,
这就是为什么纹身会永远存在”
which is why the tattoo stays visible and permanent.”
她让人感觉纹身并不痛苦
She makes it look so painless.
那么当你刚纹身时
So when your tattoo is brand new,
墨水会同时存在于
the ink is in both
表皮和真皮层中
the epidermis and the dermis layer of your skin.
但随着皮肤愈合 受伤的表皮细胞会
But as the skin heals, the wounded epidermal cells
脱落 没有墨水的新细胞会生长出来
are shed and replaced with new ink-free cells.
这就是为什么纹身在愈合前看起来更鲜活
This is why your tattoo looks more vibrant before it’s done healing.
表皮细胞的再生需要大约两到四个星期
Your epidermis regeneratesin about two to four weeks.
随着时间流逝 纹身会变淡因为
Over time, tattoos will fade as the body’s immune
身体免疫系统会分解外来色素
system slowly breaks down the alien pigment
巨噬细胞将这些颜料颗粒带走来消灭它们
particles and the macrophages takethem away to be destroyed.
但通常而言 这些墨水会
But generally, the ink will stay with you for most —
陪伴你一生
if not all — of your life.
相信我
Trust me.
我们想要感谢这些人
We’d like to give several shoutouts for people
感谢他们对本节目的支持
who’ve made this episode possible.
首先我们想感谢“胖胖纹身”
First we’d like to thank Fatty’s
和才华横溢的萨布丽娜艾略特的纹身技法
Tattoos and the very talented Sabrina Elliot for her tattoo work.
感谢《华盛顿邮报》
We’d also like to thank the Washington Post
和我们一起制作视频的PostTV
and Post TV for working with us on this video.
更多关于纹身的信息
For more information on tattoos,
欢迎浏览克罗蒂亚阿吉雷的文章和网站
check our Claudia Aguirre’s article and website.
视频简介中可以查看链接
We’ve posted the links in the description.
喜欢就分享和订阅
Be sure to like share and subscribe.
如果你有任何话题想和我们讨论
If you have any topics you’d like to see us cover,
请在评论区告诉我们
let us know right down there in comments
或在Facebook和Twitter上联系我们
or hit us up on Facebook or Twitter.
谢谢观看
Thanks for watching.