《假新闻的证据真正隐藏在哪》
There were some researches recently into
近来有一些研究
asking people to try to figure out
要求人们试着找出
which of two websites was more credible.
两个网站中哪个更为可信
And they asked a group of students and a group of journalists
研究对象分别为学生 新闻记者
and a group of professional fact checkers.
和专业的事实核查人员
And interestingly, the students and journalists both
有趣的是 学生和新闻记者
had a kind of mixed record,
表现有好有坏
and the professional fact checkers did very well.
而专业的事实核查员做得很好
And the difference in their approaches was significant
他们进行判断的方法有很大的不同
because essentially the students and a lot of the journalists
因为基本上学生和很多记者
were looking at these websites, scrolling through them,
都在看着这些网站 浏览它们
looking at how they appeared, reading the content on them,
查看网站的显示方式 阅读上面的内容
whereas the fact checkers were looking around the websites.
而事实核查人员则是在查看网站以外的信息
So they were looking at
他们研究的是
where are these sites referred to on the rest of the web
哪些网站会提到这个网站
or do other experts in the field have to say about them.
或该领域的其他专家对这些网站有何看法
Kind of all of the references in,
他们看的是哪些资源提到了网站
rather than the references on the web page.
而不是网页上提到了哪些资源
Knowledge exists in a context,
知识存在于特定的环境中
and generally speaking, every once in a while
一般来说 每过一段时间
you’ll find kind of like the brilliant idea or the brilliant finding
你就会有一些绝妙的想法或者绝妙的发现
that no one on the rest of the internet has discovered.
而这是网络上其他人还未发现的
But mostly, smart people on the internet
但通常 网上最绝妙的事
have discovered most smart things on the internet.
大部分是由网上的聪明人发现的
And so it’s that process of triangulation,
在交叉验证的过程中
where you’re looking for other experts who
你要寻找其他专家
will validate that this source or this idea is credible,
来验证这个来源或想法是否可信
is really like the critical component of figuring out what to believe.
这就是可信度的判断过程的关键部分
And people think, we all think
我们都认为
this is true with human beings
这对于人类来说是真的
and it’s true with news or online sources.
对于新闻或网络资源来说也是真的
We all think we’re very good judges of
我们都认为自己善于判断
who’s lying and who’s telling the truth.
谁在说谎谁在说真话
But we’re very susceptible to, you know,
但是你知道 我们很容易受到影响
is it a beautiful serif font that it’s presented in
它是用漂亮的衬线字体来展现呢
or is it something that looks lower grade
还是看起来更低劣呢
is the person charismatic or are they stuttering.
这个人是魅力超凡的呢 还是结巴的呢
These cues turn out not to have very much to do with whats credible or not.
事实证明 这些线索与是否可信没太大关系
But we’re very susceptible to them,
但我们很容易受到它们的影响
and so that’s why sort of looking at who else believes that
所以这就是为什么 看看还有谁相信
this is credible is a really important part of the process.
这是可信的 是这个过程中很重要的一部分