互联网是什么
What is the internet?
互联网就像是一个受欢迎的事物
The internet is like a popular thing.
一些在天上的卫星
Some satellites up there.
我在我的脑海中画出了它 就像到达手机的网络波
I picture it in my head with like waves of internet going to the phone
曾经有人告诉我是一个云
Somebody told me a cloud once.
互联网有一点像管道 它总是移动
The internet is a lot like plumbing it’s always moving.
大部分人不知道互联网从哪儿来
Most people don’t have any idea where the internet came from and it
那没什么关系 他们不需要知道 这就像是问
doesn’t matter, they don’t need to. It’s sort of like asking who invented the
谁发明了圆珠笔
ballpoint pen,
或者是抽水马桶
or the flush toilet
或者是拉链
or the zipper.
这些都是我们每天都使用的东西 我们甚至不需要考虑
These are all things we just use every day we don’t even think about the fact
有一天有人发明了它们的事实
that one day somebody invented them.
因此网络就像是这样 许多许多年前
So the internet is just like that. Many, many years ago in the early
早在20世纪70年代 我和我的搭档鲍勃 卡恩开始着手于设计
1970s, my partner Bob Kahn and I began working on the design of what we
我们现在叫做互联网的东西 它是另一个叫做阿帕网络实验的结果
now call the internet. It was a result of another experiment called the ARPANET
它代表了高级研究项目署网络站
which stood for Advanced Research Project Agency Network. It was a Defense
它是一个国防部门研究项目 保罗·巴朗试图查明怎样去
Department research project. Paul Baran was trying to figure out how to build a
构建一个通信系统 在遭遇核攻击还能够持续运转
communication system that might actually survive a nuclear attack.
因此 他想到了把信息打破成块 然后尽可能快的
So he had this idea of breaking messages up into blocks and sending them as fast
通过网状网络发送到每一个可能的方向
as possible in every possible direction through the mesh network.
因此我们构建了最终成为全国实验分组网络的东西
So we built what eventually became a nationwide experimental packet network,
让它运转了起来
and it worked.
有人在负责互联网吗？
Is anybody in charge of the internet?
政府控制着它
The government controls it.
精灵 肯定是精灵！
Elves, obviously elves!
人们控制着WiFi 因为没有WiFi就没有互联网
The people to control the Wi-Fi because then no Wi-Fi, no internet.
T-mobile 恩 这个公司
T-mobile, um, XFinity,
比尔盖茨
Bill Gates
对吗？
Right?!
真正的答案是没有人 可能另一个答案是每个人
The honest answer is well nobody and maybe another answer is everybody.
真正的答案是 互联网由难以置信的大量的
The real answer is that the internet is made up of an incredibly large number of
独立运营的网络组成
independently operated networks.
有趣的是 系统是完全分散的
What’s interesting about the system is that it’s fully distributed. There’s no
没有中心控制决定数据包路线是怎样的或者部分网络在哪儿构建
central control that is deciding how packets are routed or where pieces of the network are built
或者甚至谁与谁互相连接
or even who interconnects with him whom.
这些所有的商业决策 由运营商独立的做出
These are all business decisions that are made independently by the operators.
他们都是自动的确保有端对端网络分部连通
They are all motivated to assure that there is end-to-end connectivity of
因为网络的效用是
every part of the network because the utility of the net is that any device
每一台设备可以与其它设备交流 就像你希望
can communicate with any other device; just like you want to be able to make
能够给世界上的任意一台电话打电话
phone calls to any other telephone in the world.
之前建造的那些没有什么能比的上这个
There’s nothing like this that has ever been built before.
你知道的想法可能对某人有用
The idea that what you know might be useful to somebody else
反之亦然是一个强大的动力
or vice versa is a very powerful motivator
对于分享信息而言
for sharing information.
顺便说一下 这就是科学 人们分享信息
By the way that’s how science gets down, people share information.
因此对于人们来说 这是一个发明新应用的机会
So this is an opportunity for people to think up new applications,
可能在手机上做为应用程序来下达指令
maybe program them as apps on a mobile phone,
可能成为网络基础设施持续增长的一部分
maybe become part of the continued growth of the infrastructure of the
带到至今没有访问它的人手里
network to bring it to people who don’t have access to it yet; or just make use
或仅仅充分在日常生活中使用它
of it on a day-to-day basis.
你不能逃避接触互联网 所以为什么不了解它进而
You can’t escape from contact with the internet so why not get to know it and
使用它呢
use it.