我们人类对自然有着孩童般的好奇
As humans, we have an innate attraction to nature–A childlike curiosity. But beware As humans, we have an innate attraction to
nature–A childlike curiosity.
但是注意你在树荫下发现的东西
But been ware of what you find in the shadows.
在加利福尼亚州北部 森林里生长着一些致命的植物
in northern California something deadly is poping up in the forest
这种毒蘑菇作为“死亡之帽”而著称
This poisonous mushroom is known as the “death cap.”
唐娜 戴维斯说道 森林虽然十分潮湿 却很完美
Donna Davis: The forest was just damp ，perfect
2014年的一天 戴维斯去采蘑菇
Donna Davis went collecting mushrooms one day in 2014.
唐娜说道 那里非常有吸引力 就像是场寻宝之旅
Donna: It’s very magical when you’re there. It really is quite like a treasure hunt.
我非常明白我在做什么
I felt confident enough that I knew what I was doing.
但是她没意识到杯状的
But she didn’t recognize the telltale cup-shaped
组织生长在致命蘑菇的根部
tissue that grows on the bottom of the deadly mushroom.
她错摘了鲜嫩的 鸡蛋状的致命蘑菇作为食材
And she mistook young, egg-shaped death caps for something she could eat.
唐娜 我做了蘑菇汤 味道非常鲜美好喝
Donna: And I made mushroom soup. It was amazingly delicious.
一个蘑菇产生的毒素足以杀死一个人
One cap has enough toxin to kill a human being.
唐娜说道 第二天早晨我感到非常疲惫 于是就小睡一会儿
Donna: The next morning I felt really tired and I took a little nap.
刚开始的6到12个小时你感觉还行
For the first six to 12 hours you feel OK.
但与此同时 毒素开始慢慢摧毁你的肝细胞
But meanwhile, the toxin is quietly destroying your liver cells.
唐娜 后来当我有意识的时候 我已经躺在急诊室了
Donna: The next thing I knew I was in emergency care.
致命的菌盖和其他蘑菇形状一样
Death caps spread the same way other mushrooms do.
这种平平无奇看起来无害的蘑菇 一个致命的菌盖就能向空中射出
Just like this harmless oyster mushroom, a death cap shoots hundreds of thousands of
成千上万的芽孢
spores into the air.
芽孢掉落在加利福尼亚州槲树的树荫下 丝状体开始粘着在树根附近生长
The spores drift into the shadow of California live oaks, where they grow filaments that
每个真菌的丝状体大概有人类的一根头发那么粗
attach to the trees’ roots. Each fungus filament is about the width of a human hair.
在显微镜下 你可以看到洁白的蘑菇是如何覆盖树木新生的根须
Under the microscope, you can see how the white fungus envelops the tree’s pink root
这就是所谓的菌根联系
tips. This is called a mycorrhizal relationship.
蘑菇汲取树木的糖分以生长 同时也会滋养树木
The fungus feeds on the trees’ sugars and gives it nutrients in exchange. It’s good
这对蘑菇和树木来说是互利共赢
for the fungus and for the tree.
20世纪30年代加利福尼亚州从欧洲引进
And that’s how the death cap snuck into California
具有观赏性的灌木 死亡蘑菇从灌木根部“入侵”到加利福尼亚州
from Europe on the roots of a decorative shrub, in the 1930s.
研究人员也不确定为何死亡菌盖进化到如此具有杀伤力的地步
Researchers aren’t sure why the death cap has evolved to be so lethal.
它到底是为了保护自己以防哪种威胁呢
What exactly is it protecting itself from?
人类 在一些斗争中我们经常无意识地伤及无辜
Humans — we’re just collateral damage in some battle that we don’t understand.
威斯康星州立大学的许多科学家 例如安妮普林格，正在做基因测试
Scientists like Anne Pringle, from the University of Wisconsin, are doing genetic testing on
研究死亡蘑菇究竟能存活多久
death caps to see how long they live.
如果死亡蘑菇寿命很短 我们就能从地上拔掉他们
If death caps have a short lifespan, it might be enough to pluck them from the ground so
这样芽孢就不会传播了 人们吃到它们的机会也会变少
the spores can’t spread. Less opportunity for people to eat them.
唐娜 我记得闭上眼睛看到了这条美丽的道路 突然间
Donna: I remember closing my eyes and seeing like this beautiful path. And all of a sudden everything
整个世界都暗了 我想 噢 我不应该沿着这条路走
got really dark. And I thought, “Oh, I’m not supposed to go down this path.”
唐娜幸存了下来 但是那年加利福尼亚州有两人因误食死亡蘑菇而去世
Donna survived. But death caps killed two people in California that year.
唐娜说道 听起来非常残忍 但大自然有它自己的规则
Donna: It is really brutal. Nature has its own rules.
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