In this third part of the illusion of depth,
在立体感效果的第三部分内容里
we’ll take a look at how you can use edges, lines, cast shadows,
我们将探讨如何用边缘 线条和投影
and paint thickness to add depth to your drawings and paintings.
以及颜料厚度来增加绘画的立体感
《Proko画室》
The Illusion of Depth Edge, Line, Cast Shadows and Paint Thickness
立体感： 边缘 线条 投影及颜料厚度
Hey guys, what’s going on, my name is Stan Prokopenko.
大家好 我是Stan Prokopenko
This is Proko.
这里是《Proko画室》
Well, I teach how to draw and paint stuff.
我是教人如何画画的
Let’s jump right in and talk about edges.
让我们从边缘开始讨论
Sharp edges are visually a lot louder than soft edges
和柔和的边缘相比 锋利的边缘在视觉上要突出得多
and so they tend to pop forward and separate object,
因此它们往往能突出物体 并将它从背景中分离出来
whereas soft or blurry edges recede
而柔和或模糊的边缘则能够向后退
and bring things closer together.
并拉近物体之间的距离
So, a sharp edge between these two object will separate them.
而两个物体之间锋利的边缘会把它们分隔开
Blurring the edge will somewhat merge them and bring them closer together.
模糊的边缘在某种程度上使它们融合 让它们更加靠近
When our eyes focus on something,
我们盯着某个东西看时
things further away or closer to us from that object will be blurred.
离物体更远或更近的东西会模糊
In photography, this is called depth of field.
在摄影中 这叫做景深效果
When the depth of field is high,
景深程度高
sharp details are seen in a very large range.
人们就可以大范围地看到清晰的细节
Objects far away from the focal distance are still sharp.
离焦距很远的物体仍然是清晰的
This can seem unnatural
这种效果看上去很不自然
because that’s not really how our eyes see things.
因为我们的眼睛看东西时不是这样的
Naturally we will see a narrower depth of field
正常情况下 我们看到的景深更窄
to help us focus on a particular area.
帮助我们聚焦于一个特定的区域
A narrower depth of field is a great tool
窄景深是一个很有用的工具
to add depth to a drawing.
能增加绘画的立体感
Line
线条
Line isn’t really a type
无论锋利 生硬或柔和
of edge sharp, firm, or soft,
线条都不是严格意义上的边缘类型
but it is a way to indicate the edge of a form.
而是一种表示形状边缘的方式
It’s a stylized way that doesn’t exist in reality,
这是一种非写实手法 现实中并不存在
but nonetheless it is a way to indicate depth
但它是体现立体感的一种方式
and can be very effective.
而且非常有效果
The type of line you use can make or break the illusion of depth.
不同的线条类型可以制造或打破立体感
You can vary the thickness of the line and the value of the line
你可以通过改变线条的厚度和亮度
to achieve this.
来实现这一点
As forms recede back into space use a thinner line.
当物体在空间中逐渐消失时 要使用更细的线
This is related to perspective,
这与视角有关
since the objects further away from us will appear smaller,
因为离我们更远的物体会显得更小
including the lines.
线条也是如此
We tend to use the same line throughout the drawing.
我们倾向于在整个画作中使用同一种线条
Sometimes this could be because of our tools allowing for just one line weight,
有时可能因为我们的工具只有一种线宽
such as the tip of a graphite pencil or a ballpoint pen.
如铅笔的笔尖或圆珠笔
In that case, you’ll have to go over the line a few times to make it thicker
在这种条件下 你必须多描几次线条 使其色彩更深
unlike with a brush or a pencil sharpened to a taper,
这与用刷子或削尖的铅笔不同
where you can vary the angle to change the line thickness.
你可以通过改变角度来改变线条粗细
Also, consider varying the value of the line.
同样 还可以考虑改变线条颜色的深浅
Make the objects further back lighter and the ones that you want to pop forward darker.
让远处的物体颜色更浅 而让近处的物体更深
This is related to atmospheric perspective that I talked about in part 1.
这与我在第一部分中谈到的空气透视有关
Line can be used not only in separate objects,
线条不仅可以用来分隔物体
but within an object as it recedes or where there is overlapping form.
还可以用在物体内部有后缩或重叠的形式中
Such as in the figure.
如图所示
I want to show that the edge of the tricep
我想展示的是三头肌的边缘
is wrapping around and behind the deltoid.
它环绕着三角肌 位于其后侧
So, instead of using the same line in the overlap,
因此 尽管在重合部分使用相同的线条是可以的
which is still effective because of the overlap,
因为那里的确是重叠的
I could use line weight to make it even more effective.
但我可以使用线宽来让效果更明显
I could make the line thicker in the areas that are closer
我可以让线条在更相近的区域变粗
and thin out and lighten the line of the tricep as it wraps around the deltoid.
让三角肌周围三头肌的线条变细变浅
Cast Shadows
投影
Cast Shadows are another way you can
投影是另一种可以
show that something is in front of something else,
在其它物体前面凸显某物的方法
especially when there is no overlap to do that.
特别是在没有重叠的情况下
In fact this is heavily used in graphic design
事实上 它在平面设计中广泛使用
to pop things forward.
用来突出物体
Photoshop and other similar programs have a “drop shadow” option
PS和其它类似的软件有一个“投影”按钮
that immediately pops a shape out from the background.
可以立即从背景中突出一个形状
In this figure drawing the cast shadow helps to bring the arm away from the body,
在这幅画中 投影帮助手臂和身体分离开来
and suggests that it’s further away at the elbow
并表明它离肘部很远
because of the greater distance to the edge of the cast shadow.
因为投射阴影边缘的距离很大
A cast shadow on a ground surface can
地面的投影可以
indicate that there is open space behind the object
表明物体背后有开放的空间
and also can serve as a great way to add converging lines
也是添加汇聚线的一种巧妙方式
to add some perspective to a scene.
为场景添加一些远景视角
Paint Thickness
颜料厚度
The final thing I want to mention is
我要说的最后一个内容就是
quite literally adding depth to a picture.
增加绘画的立体感
If you’re using paint,
如果你用的是颜料
you can physically bring something forward
你可以在某个区域使用浓厚的颜料
by using thicker paint on that area.
来让某些物体凸显出来
I won’t go on too much detail about it,
我不会讲太多细节
but I think it’s a easy concept to grasp.
但我认为这个概念很容易理解
If you have two objects,
如果有两个物体
using thicker paint in the distant one
你在远处的物体用浓厚的颜料
might not be a good idea.
可能不是一个好方法
But thicker paint in closer objects
但是在较近的物体上
can serve as a great attribute for depth.
用浓厚的颜料则是表现立体感的好方法
Just an idea…
这只是一个创意
Ultimately creating the illusion of depth in your artwork will be achieved
若要最终在你的绘画中呈现立体感的效果
through a combination of the concept I went over in the last 3 videos,
需要结合我在前三个视频中提到的概念来实现
and it’s up to you to decide which ones you want to use
你可以自己决定想要采取哪些方法
and how you want to use them.
以及如何使用它们
It depends on your style.
这取决于你的创作风格
If you’re a beginner,
如果你是初学者
try using all of them and don’t worry too much about style.
可以尝试使用所有方法 不要太担心风格
As you develop,
你的技巧逐步提升后
your taste will grow and change,and your style will come naturally.
你的鉴赏能力会得到提高和改变 风格会自然形成
Ok, that’s the end of the series. I hope you liked it.
好了 本系列节目到此结束 希望你喜欢
Hop on to Facebook.com/prokotv
登录Facebook.com/prokotv
and “like” the new fan page.
给我新的粉丝页面点赞
And you can just click here too.
你也可以直接点击这里
The button.
这个按钮
My thumb is a button.
我的拇指就是一个按钮
If you like this video, please share it with your friends.
如果你喜欢这个视频 请分享给你的朋友
Click on this button here to subscribe to the newsletter
如果你想获得最新的视频
if you want to be updated about new videos.
点击这里的按钮订阅最新节目
And one last promo, if you want to support proko.com,
最后宣传一下 如果你想支持我的网站
the best way of doing that is
最好的方法是购买我的
by getting my Portrait Fundamentals DVD.
《肖像基本原理》 DVD光盘
The difference between the DVD and the free videos online
DVD和免费在线视频的区别在于
is that the DVD has two additional real time demos
DVD有两个额外的实时演示
at an hour and a half each.
每次演示时间为一个半小时
And it’s available as a digital download
而且它是可以下载的
so you don’t need internet access to watch the lessons.
所以你无需上网就可以观看课程
Thank you! buh-bye
谢谢 再见