Sinusitis is the inflammation of the mucosal lining of the paranasal sinuses
鼻窦炎是鼻窦黏膜的炎症
leading to infection and pus formation
它会导致感染并形成脓液
Sinus infections may involve all or only a few of the sinus cavities
鼻窦感染可能涉及全部或部分窦腔
including the frontal sinuses located above the eyes
包括位于眼睛上方的额窦

maxillary sinuses located in the cheeks
位于脸颊的上颌窦
ethmoid sinuses located between the eyes
位于眼睛之间的筛窦
and the sphenoid sinuses located behind the eyes
以及位于眼睛后方的蝶窦
Normally, the sinuses are air-filled spaces
正常情况下 鼻窦内是充满空气的
with openings that allow ventilation of not only air
其开口不仅允许空气通过
but also mucus to freely flow into the nasal cavity
而且允许粘液自由流入鼻腔
With infection, the mucosal lining starts to swell
黏膜因感染开始肿胀
and eventually close off the sinus openings.
最终导致窦口闭合
With closure, mucus is no longer able to escape
随着窦口闭合 粘液无法流出
leading to pus accumulation.
导致脓液堆积
At this point, symptoms of pain, pressure , and congestion
此时病人可能出现
may be experienced by the patient.
疼痛 压力和充血的症状
With medications, the infection may resolve
通过药物治疗 随着粘膜消肿
along with resolution of the mucosal swelling.
感染可能会消除
However, should the mucosal swelling persist even though the infection has resolved
但是 即便感染消除 粘膜却还在肿胀的话
this may lead to yet another infection with pus formation
随着脓液的形成 可能会再次引发鼻窦感染
This cycle may repeat over and over again.
这个循环可能会不断地重复
Surgical intervention is when the sinus openings are physically opened up
外科手术是用物理方法打开窦口
allowing for pus removal as well as restoring normal ventilation.
从而排出脓液并恢复正常的气体交换
Surgery may involve a balloon
手术中可能使用一个气球
which is inserted over a light guidewire
它通过一根轻的导线插入
and inflated to enlarge the sinus opening.
然后膨胀以扩大窦口
Here we see this balloon sinuplasty
这里我们看到的鼻窦球囊扩张手术
being performed of the frontal and maxillary sinus cavities.
是在额窦和上颌窦上进行的
Traditional sinus surgery involves
传统的鼻窦手术包括
physically removing bone and mucosa around the sinus openings using instruments.
使用仪器物理切除窦口周围的骨和黏膜
The openings are made much larger than normal
这些开口比正常的要大得多
to minimize the chance they will clog closed in the future.
以减少未来堵塞的机会
Discuss with your surgeon
和你的外科医生讨论
when and what type of sinus surgery may be appropriate
是何时进行哪种鼻窦手术合适
versus continuing with medical management.
还是继续进行药物控制合适