Welcome to the Endnotes,
欢迎来到Endnotes
where I put all the fun facts I can’t fit into the main videos! Today,
在这里我会放上所有主视频里塞不下的有趣事实
some extra bits of information from my video
今天我会在视频里给出关于Chauvinism的
about Chauvinism — and if you haven’t
更多信息而如果你
seen that yet, click on the card.
还没有看到那个视频 请点击上方的卡片
As we saw there the word chauvinism referred originally to excessive French patriotism. Well,
就像我们所看到的那样Chauvinism这个单词最早起源于法国人的极端爱国主义
the parallel word jingoism referred originally to excessive English patriotism.
而同义词的Jingoism则指代英国的极端爱国主义
It first appears in the late 19th century and comes
它最早出现在19世纪晚期
from the word jingo, as in by jingo.
从单词Jingo衍化而来 by jingo里的jingo
Jingo seems to have been originally a nonsense word
Jingo这个词最早看上去像是胡诌的
from the 17th century, used by magicians
从17世纪开始被术士
in the phrase hey jingo to call for something to reappear,
用在短语hey jingo里来召唤什么东西再次出现
the opposite of hey presto used
相反的短语hey presto用在
when an object disappears.
当某件物品消失的时候
But the word was soon adopted
但是该单词很快被人们
as a minced oath or taboo deformation of the word Jesus,
用作委婉的脏话或耶稣这个词的隐讳变体
with by jingo being used to translate French Par Dieu “ by God ”.
同时by jingo被用来翻译法语里与by god同义的Par Dieu
By Jingo became a common English interjection,
By Jingo成为了英文中一个常见的插入语
and was later used in a music-hall song calling
之后还被用在了一首作于19世纪70年代
for an aggressive military stance against Russia
俄土交战期间
in the 1870s during the Russio-Turkish
号召对沙俄采取敌对军事立场的
war.
音乐剧曲目里
The chorus goes “ We don’t want to fight but
歌词里这样写着“我们不想打仗但是
by Jingo if we do, / We’ve got the ships,
上帝啊如果我们就这么做 我们有百舸千帆
we’ve got the men, we’ve got the money too,
我们有千军万马 我们还有金银满仓
/ We’ve fought the Bear before, and while
我们曾经就打败过那些沙俄熊
we’re Britons true, / The Russians shall not have Constantinople.”
只要我们是真正的大不列颠人 沙俄就永远不会拥有君士坦丁堡”
Soon after the word jingo and
很快jingo和
jingoism were used to refer derisively to blustering patriots
Jingoism就被用来以嘲弄的口吻指代那些总鼓吹战争的过激爱国分子
and chauvinists calling for war.
和沙文主义者
As always, you can hear even more etymology and history,
和往常一样 你还能在Endless Knot Podcast听到更多有关词源的知识和历史
as well as interviews with a
以及我们对
wide range of fascinating people, on the Endless Knot Podcast,
很多超棒的人的采访
available on all the major podcast
视频在所有主要的播客平台
platforms as well as our other YouTube channel.
及我们另外的油管频道上都有
Thanks for watching!
感谢您的收看