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这是图瓦卢
This is Tuvalu.
你可能得放大了看
You’re probably going to need to zoom
因为图瓦卢是面积第四小的国家
in because Tuvalu is the forth smallest country
也是世界上人口第二少的国家
in the world by area and second smallest bypopulation.
它只拥有1万人口，比密苏里的 Kirksville——
Only 10,000 people live there which is less than Kirksville, Missouri
一个以
—a town whose
骨科博物馆闻名的小镇人口还少
main attraction is the Museum of OsteopathicMedicine.
图瓦卢位于澳大利亚的悉尼和夏威夷的檀香山的中间位置
Tuvalu lies about halfway between Sydney, Australia and Honolulu,
因此它与世隔绝
Hawaii, so it is isolated.
主岛最宽处只有2000英尺宽
The main island stretches a mere 2,000 feet
它的空间是如此之小
across at it ‘s widest and space is so limited that,
以至于不飞航班时
when not used for flights,
机场跑道就作为公园和集会场所使用
the airport ’ s runway is used as a public park and gathering
在图瓦卢
place in Tuvalu.
也有世界最低的GDP
Tuvalu also has the lowest total GDP of anycountry worldwide.
当然 它那世界第二少的人口
Of course it doesn’t help
对此无从帮助
that it ’ s the second least populous country and the least
而世界上人口最少的国家 梵蒂冈
populous country, the Vatican,
实际上有一个价值二十亿美元的浴缸
literally has a bathtub worth two billion dollars, but the
但全体国民生产总值仅仅有3200美元
overall gross domestic product of this country is a mere $ 32 million.
据资料参考
Just for some reference,
其GDP比美国政府每年公文印刷费还少
that’s less than the amount the US government spends on printing
还少
each year.
说得更清楚些
Just to be more clear,
它每年的GDP是美国政府每年公文印刷费的八十五分之一
that’s 85 times less than the amount the US government spends on
因为美国政府每年花费27亿美元
printing each year because the US government spends $ 2.7 billion
印刷公文
on printing every year.
但这不是重点
But that’s not the point.
重点是图瓦卢非常小
The point is that Tuvalu is very small,
非常与世隔绝 非常穷困
very isolated, and very poor.
当你位于太平洋中心时
When you’re situated in the middle of the Pacific,
挣钱实在太难了
it can be tough to make money.
很多太平洋岛国
A lot of other Pacific island countries rely
依靠旅游业创收
on income from tourism, but it’s particularly
但去图瓦卢特别困难
tough to get to Tuvalu.
当地机场每周只有三班来自于
Its airport only sees three flights a week from Nadi,
Madi和Fiji的航班 全程650英里
Fiji and this 650 mile trip costs
往返花费800美元
about $800 round trip.
从距离上来说 太远了
In metric that’s too damn much. Auckland,
奥克兰 离图瓦卢最近的城市
the nearest large city,
与图瓦卢的间距和南极洲相当 因此
is also just as close to Antartica as it is to Tuvalu, so,
他们靠……打渔挣钱
they make their money by killing… fish.That is
不仅42%的图瓦卢人参与捕鱼活动
Not only do 42 % of Tuvaluans work in fishing,
而且该国也有一个巨大的专属经济区
but the country also has an enormous exclusive
在那里
economic zone in which they have
他们拥有海洋资源的专有权 因此他们销售捕渔执照
exclusive rights to resources so they sell fishing licenses
卖给外国渔船 这是政府收入的主要部分
to foreign ships which provides a significant portion
但是
of the government income, but the
该国油水最多的资源 完全来自机缘巧合
country’s most interesting source of income came to them entirely by chance.
如果你还记得Half as Interesting 的第四集
If you remember Half as Interesting episode four,
我之前讲的笑话就很可怕了
back before all my jokes became terrible,
我讲了国际标准化组织
I talked about the International Organization
他们制定
for Standardization which sets standards on
泡茶之类的事情的国际标准
how to make tea among other things.
其中一个叫做 3166标准
One of them is standard 3166
规定了世界上每个国家的双字母代号
which defines two-letter codes for each and every country so,
比如说 日本以JP代替 罗马尼亚则是RO
for example, Japan got JP, Romania got RO,
而危地马拉是GT 但是后来互联网
and Guatemala got GT, but then the internet
出现了
came around.
在一个网址中 有一个三级域名
In an internet address, there is generally a third-level domain,
一个二级域名
a second-level domain,
和一个顶级域名 这恰是我们兴趣所在
and the top-level domain, which is what we’re interested in.
顶级域名是网址最后那部分 比如.com
The top-level domain is the last part of a domain name such as.com,
.org .net .gov
.org,.net,.gov,
等等
etc.
自1985年起
Starting in 1985,
分配顶级域名的互联网地址分配机构
the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority, which assigns top-level domains
为该组织设置了运营整个互联网的网站
and has a pretty terrible website
网站相当糟糕
for the organization that basically runs the internet,
它开始为特定的一些国家创造顶级域名
started creating top-level domains
而不是给每个国家
for specific countries and rather than just choosing codes
分配域名
for each country,
他们使用ISO(一种基本网络协议)并给每个国家预设代码
they took the ISO 3166 list and used the pre-set codes for each country,
从此图瓦卢走了运
and here’s where Tuvalu got really lucky.
他们的编码是tv 因此他们的顶级域名是.tv
Their code was “tv” and so their top-leveldomain was “.tv.”
当互联网出现时
As it turned out the internet
它并没有像记者Clifford Stoll预测的那样失败告终
did not fail like journalist Clifford Stoll predicted when
他在1995年写道：“你没法把一个手提电脑带去沙滩。”
he wrote in 1995, “you can’t tote a laptop to the beach.”
然而Nicholas Negroponte 麻省理工媒体实验室的主任
Yet Nicholas Negroponte, director of the MIT Media Lab,
预测我们很快就会直接
predicts that we’ll soon buy books
通过网络买书卖报了
and newspapers straight over the Internet. Uh,
额 确实如此
sure.
少数人甚至开始在网上
A few people even starting watching video
看视频 而.tv是新的流媒体网站
on the internet and “.tv ” was the perfect
最合适的顶级域名 因此图瓦卢开始卖域名
top-level domain for new streaming sites and so Tuvalu starting selling domains.
最初 一家名叫DotTv 的公司购买了
Originally a company called DotTv bought
.tv的许可权 但在
the licensing rights for the.tv domain but in
2002年 这家公司被Verisign收购了
2002 this company was acquired by Verisign which,
除了成为读写困难者的
aside from being a nightmare of a name
噩梦 它是一系列
for dyslexics, is the registrar
不同顶级域名的注册地 包括.com .net
for a bunch of different top-level domains including.com, .net,
以及现在的.tv
and now.tv.
人们相信
It’ s believed
目前 图瓦卢通过售卖不同的.tv注册域名
that the country of Tuvalu now receives $ 2-3 million per year from the
每年获得2-3百万美元
registration of different.tv domains.
直到2000年 图瓦卢还不是
Up until 2000, Tuvalu was not part
联合国的一分子 但在这项生意做起来后
of the United Nations but they joined after this
他们马上加入了联合国 因为终于付得起10万美元的入会费了
deal went through because they could finally afford the $ 100,000 joining fee.
卖域名获得的利润已成为
The revenues from this domain now amount to almost 10 %
国家GDP的10％
of the country’s GDP and have
并且被用于支付岛国的重要发展项目
been used to pay for crucial development in this tiny island country.
如果你想了解如何加入联合国
If you want to learn how to join the United Nations,
Skillshare 有与之相关的
Skillshare sort of has a class
课程
for that.
他们并没有课程教你
They don‘t have a course
如何申请进入联合国——这可能有点小众——
about how to get your country into the UN—that might be just
但他们确实有一门课程
a bit too niche—but they do have a course
有关如何获得一份联合国的工作
about how to get a job at the UN.
它包括申请流程 技能评估
It covers the application process, the skill assessments,
面试阶段 还有很多其他的
the interview stage, and much more,
但如果你想学点不那么实用的东西
but if you want to learn something a little less practical,
他们也有课程
they also have courses
比如跟着up主Mike boyd学拼魔方
like how to solve a Rubik’s Cube by fellow YouTuber Mike Boyd.
Skillshare很棒的一点是他们有
What ’ s great about Skillshare is that they have
超过18000门课 如果你想
over 18,000 classes so if you want to
学东西 那是个很好的
learn something, there ’ s a good
机会 他们在上面发布课程
chance they have a course on it.
你可以从今天起跟随Skillshare 学习
You can get started learning today with Skillshare
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