熊猫 猩猩 犀牛 大猩猩之间有什么共同点呢
What do pandas, orangutans, rhinos, and gorillashave in common?
它们除了是你只能在动物园看到的动物
Aside from being animals that you probably only see
这些动物还都濒临灭绝
at the zoo, these animals are all endangered.
当有一种野生动物数量不多的时候
Scientists say an animal is ‘ endangered ’
科学家就会称这种动物“濒危”
when there aren’t many of them living in the wild anymore.
任何动物都会变成濒危物种 如鸟类
And any kind of animal can become endangered — birds,
昆虫 爬行动物 当然还有
insects, reptiles, and of course,
哺乳动物
mammals.
以远东豹为例
For example, meet the amur leopard.
远东豹生活在东亚的很小的一片区域内
This kind of leopard lives in a small area in Eastern Asia.
野生远东豹的数量极少
And there are only a /very few of them left in the wild.
科学家们认为 如果不计动物园中远东豹的数量
Scientists think that, not counting the ones in zoos,
地球上就只剩大约六十只远东豹了
there are only about sixty amur leopards on the entire planet!
所以 远东豹绝对是濒危物种
So they’re definitely endangered.
但是 动物是怎么濒临灭绝的呢
But how do animals become endangered?
这个问题有一些合理的答案
There are a few good answers to that question.
但或许动物濒危常见的原因
But probably the common cause
是它们失去了太多栖息地
of animals becoming endangered is when they lose too much of their habitat.
动物的栖息地是它们生活的地方
An animal’s habitat is the place where itlives…
完全正确 吱吱
…that’s right Squeaks!
动物的栖息地就是它们的家园
An animal’s habitat is its home.
在那里 动物能得到
It’s where an animal can get all
可以繁衍生息的事物
of the things that it needs to stay alive.
动物需要的东西有
Animals need things like… …
足够的食物 干净的水
enough food to eat… clean water to drink…
空气 自由活动的空间 巢穴等
air to breathe… space to move around… and shelter. Plus,
而且雌性动物需要安全的地方
mother animals need a safe place
去产卵或者生产和抚养幼崽
to lay their eggs or to have and raise their babies. So,
对于不同的动物来说 栖息地也各有不同
habitats can be very different, for differentanimals.
有些动物栖息地可以帮其保持干燥温暖
One animal’s habitat might help keep itdry and warm.
但有些动物栖息地帮助其保持凉爽湿润
For another, it might help an animal stay cool, wet,
不让自己被捕食者发现
and well-hidden from predators.
动物的栖息地可以很大
An animal’s habitat might be large,
也可以很小
or it might be very small.
但是 所有的栖息地都有一个共同点
But there’s one thing that all habitatshave in common.
那就是栖息地只能养活一定数量的动物
They can only support so many animals.
如果一个动物的栖息地变小了
If a habitat starts to get smaller,
那就意味着 可以住在其中的动物变少了
that means that fewer animals can live in it.
这就是远东豹的遭遇
This is what happened to the amur leopard.
远东豹的栖息地以前非常大
Its habitat used to be a lot bigger.
但人们开始砍伐远东豹栖息地的森林
But people started to cut down trees in the forest where the leopard lived,
人们用砍伐得到木材来建造房屋
to use for lumber and to make space to build houses.
久而久之 远东豹的栖息地就变得越来越小
So over time, the leopard’s habitat gotsmaller and smaller.
远东豹开始找不到足够的食物
The leopards started to have a hard time finding enough food,
也找不到安全之地来抚养幼崽
and enough safe spaces to raise their cubs.
所以 一段时间后 野生远东豹就越来越少了
So after a while, there were fewer and fewer amur leopards in the wild…
再后来
until there were
它们的数量变得极少 科学家就说远东豹濒临灭绝
so few that scientists said that this kind of leopard was endangered.
污染也会影响动物的栖息地
Pollution can also change an animal’s habitat.
污染是任何危害地球健康的东西
Pollution is anything that makes the earth unhealthy,
比如 垃圾 汽车和发电厂排出来的废气
like litter and trash, or the dirty smoke that comes out of cars and power plants.
对于某些鸟类 鱼类 爬行动物 两栖动物
pollution can also prevent the eggs of certain kinds of
污染会导致它们无法成功孵卵
birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians from hatching.
污染改变了一种叫棕鹈鹕的鸟的栖息地
Pollution changed the habitat of a bird calledthe brown pelican.
棕鹈鹕生活在海洋附近 以吃鱼为生
The brown pelican lives near the ocean, where it eats fish.
大约七十年前
And about seventy years ago,
人们四处喷洒化学药剂 想要驱赶让人讨厌的昆虫 比如蚊子
people sprayed a chemical around to try and get rid of pesky insects like mosquitos.
但是 化学药物污染了棕鹈鹕栖息地的水资源
But the chemical polluted the water in thebrown pelican’s habitat.
有些污染物残留在棕鹈鹕吃的鱼里
Some pollution ended up in the fish that the pelicans ate,
棕鹈鹕因此得病
which made the birds sick, and
让许多鹈鹕卵得不到孵化
kept many of their eggs from hatching. Soon,
很快棕鹈鹕就越来越少了
there were fewer pelicans.
在过去有一段时间 棕鹈鹕濒临灭绝
For a while, the brown pelican was endangered.
但是科学家和人们解决了这个问题
But scientists and other people solved theproblem!
科学家告诉人们存在的问题
They told other people about the problem,
人们立刻就停止了使用化学药物
and soon everyone stopped using the chemical,
棕鹈鹕的栖息地又变得干净起来了
and the pelican’s habitat became clean again.
更多的棕鹈鹕幼鸟破壳而出
More baby pelicans began to hatch… and,
在大多数地区 棕鹈鹕不再是濒危动物
in most places, the brown pelican is no longer endangered!
棕鹈鹕就是一个很好的例子
This big brown bird is a great example
它向我们展示了 当我们发现濒危动物时 我们能做些什么
of what can happen we find out that an animal is endangered.
如果动物栖息地受到了污染
People can work together to try to clean
人们可以齐心协力还它一片净土
up an animal’s habitat if it’s polluted. Or,
如果动物的栖息地变小了
if an animal’s habitat is getting too small,
比如 远东豹生活的森林
like the amur leopard’s forest
人们可以种植更多的树木 让远东豹的栖息地变得更大
people can try to plant more trees to make the habitat bigger again. Now,
现在 你可能不知道
you may not know it,
但是 此时此刻 你在帮助那些濒危动物
but you’re helping endangered animals right now!
孩子们能做的善事之一
One of the best things
就是学习濒危动物的相关知识
that kids can do to help is to learn about animals that are endangered.
你也可以通过照料你周围的动物
You can also help out animals that live
来帮助它们
in your area by taking care of their habitats.
这意味着 回收后再丢掉垃圾 而不是将垃圾乱丢乱扔
That means doing things like recycling, and throwing garbage away instead of littering,
与其他小孩和成年人一起打扫住房周围
and working with other kids and grownups to clean up your neighborhood!
每个人都应得到一个干净健康的栖息地
Everyone deserves a clean and healthy habitat.
感谢您在儿童科学秀上观看我的节目
Thanks for joining me on SciShow Kids!
你有关于你最爱的动物的问题吗 或者其他相关问题
Do you have a question about your favoriteanimal—or something else?
让大人在视频下方帮你留言
Ask a grownup to help you to leave a comment on this video, or to
或者发送邮件到Kids@SciShow.com
send an email to Kids @ SciShow.com!
谢谢 我们下期还在这个堡垒中见吧！
thanks I’ll see you next time here at the Fort.