青光眼是一系列眼部疾病
Glaucoma is a group
可引发视神经损伤
of eye diseases in which the optic nerve is damaged leading to irreversible
导致永久性视力损失
loss of vision.
多数情况下
In most cases,
这种损伤是由于眼内压力增高引起的
this damage is due to an increased pressure within the eye.
眼睛会生成一种名为房水的液体
The eye produces a fluid called aqueous humor
它由睫状体分泌后流入后房
which is secreted by the ciliary body into the posterior chamber –
即虹膜与晶状体
a space between the
之间的区域
iris and the lens.
房水之后经由瞳孔
It then flows through the pupil
流入位于虹膜与角膜之间的前房
into the anterior chamber between the iris and the cornea.
之后从这里通过位于虹膜基底的
From here, it drainsthrough a sponge-like structure located at
名为小梁网的海绵结构组织 排出眼外
the base of the iris called the trabecular meshwork and leaves the eye.
在健康的眼睛中
In a healthy eye,
房水的分泌与排出保持平衡
the rate of secretion balances the rateof drainage.
但在青光眼患者中
In people with glaucoma, the drainage canal is partially or completely blocked.
房水的排出通道部分或全部堵塞
液体在前房与后房中积累
Fluid builds up in the chambers and this increases pressure within the eye.
导致眼压升高
压力驱使晶状体向后挤压玻璃体
The pressure drives the lens back and presses
转而压迫并损伤
on the vitreous body which in turn compresses and damages
眼底的血管与视神经纤维
the blood vessels and nerve fibers running at the back of the eye.
这种视神经损伤
These damaged nerve
会导致视野缺损
fibers result in patches of vision loss,
若不介入治疗 可能会导致彻底失明
and if left untreated, may lead to total blindness.
青光眼分为两种类型：开角型与闭角型
There are two main types of glaucoma: open-angleand angle-closure.
开角型青光眼也叫慢性青光眼
Open-angle glaucoma, or chronic glaucoma,
是由于房水排出通道部分堵塞造成的
is caused by partial blockage of the drainage canal.
开角型青光眼的角膜与虹膜之间的房角是“开放的”
The angle between the cornea and theiris is”open”, meaning the entrance to the
这表示排出通道是通的 但由于某些原因房水流动放缓
drain is clear, but the flow of aqueous humor is somewhat slow.
在很长一段时间内
The pressure builds up gradually
压力在眼内逐渐积累
in the eye over a long period of time.
症状开始显现 起初是外围视野缺损
Symptomsappear gradually, starting from peripheral
可能直到波及中心视力时才被察觉
vision loss, and may go on unnoticed until the central vision is affected.
青光眼
Progression
可以通过治疗 控制病情发展
of glaucoma can be stopped with medical treatments,
但已经损失的视野
but part of vision that is already lost can
则无法恢复
not be restored.
这也是为何在眼科定期检查中
This is why it’s very
青光眼的早期诊断如此重要
important to detect signs of glaucoma early with regular
闭角型青光眼 也叫急性青光眼
eye exams. Angle-closure glaucoma, or acute glaucoma,
它是因突发的房水引流被完全阻塞造成的
is caused by a sudden and complete blockage of aqueous humor drainage.
眼压迅速升高
The pressure within
在短时间就可能导致彻底失明
the eye rises rapidly and may lead to total vision loss quickly.
某些眼部解剖特征
Certain anatomical features
比如房角狭窄
of the eye such as narrow drainage angle,
前房浅 虹膜薄且松弛
shallow anterior chamber, thin and droopy iris,
更易引发急性青光眼
make it easier to develop acute glaucoma. Typically,
通常 急性青光眼发病是由于瞳孔放大
this happens when the pupil is
晶状体卡住虹膜后部
dilated and the lens is stuck to the back of the iris.
阻止了房水
This prevents the aqueous humor
从瞳孔流入前房
from flowing through the pupil into the anteriorchamber.
房水在后房中累积
Accumulation of fluid in the posterior
挤压虹膜
chamber presses on the iris causing
导致虹膜膨隆 彻底封死房角
it to bulge outward and block the drainage angle completely.
急性青光眼属于紧急医疗状况
Acute angle-closure glaucoma isa medical emergency and requires immediate
需要立刻就医
attention.