6种进食障碍
6 Types Of Eating Disorders
关于进食障碍最常见的误解之一是
One of the most common misconceptions about
这种障碍只对女性有影响
eating disorders are that they only affect women.
根据《悦己》杂志
According to a survey conducted by
和北卡罗来纳大学的研究
Self magazine and the University of North Carolina,
在25到45岁的美国女性中
65% of American women between the ages of 25 and 45
有65%的人称自己的饮食行为不健康
have reported taking part in unhealthy eating behaviors.
但是约有三分之一的男性
However, roughly one in three men
也被这种致命的心理障碍影响
are also affected by this deadly psychological disorder.
我在12岁时
At the age of 12,
患上了进食障碍
I experienced an eating disorder
它改变了我从此对食物的看法
that made me never look at food the same way.
我一直都是个神经兮兮的孩子
I was always a nervous child,
但当我无法跟上
but I had a heavy breakdown
我所面临的改变时
when I couldn’t keep up with
我真的非常奔溃
all the changes thrown my way.
上中学时 我交不到新朋友
I started middle school and had trouble making new friends
同年我的父亲也离开了我
that same year my father also left
去异国他乡开始新的事业
to start a new career in another country.
一切都在加速失控
Everything spiraled out of control and soon
很快我的身体开始拒绝食物
my body began to reject food
就像拒绝接受这些严峻的现实一样
the way it rejected these harsh realities.
幸运的是 我在进食障碍中幸存下来
Luckily, I am a survivor of my eating disorder,
我学会了不让它控制我
I learned not to let it define me
如果你们正经历同样的困境
and neither should you if you’re currently
也应学着不受它的控制
going through a similar battle.
我们制作本期视频的目的是
The purpose of making this video is
让你们了解进食障碍
to inform others about eating disorders
打破使它难以启齿的思想禁锢
and break the stereotypes that make it hard to talk about.
以下是6种进食障碍
Here are 6 types of eating disorders.
1.回避型或约束型食物摄入紊乱
1. Avoidant Or Restrictive Food Intake Disorder.
据一名注册营养师 Petri所说
According to a line of Petri, a registered dietitian,
这种进食障碍的患者
people with this kind of eating disorder undering,
由于缺乏对食物的兴趣
due to a lack of interest in food
或严重地厌恶某些食物的气味或味道
or intense distaste for how certain foods look smell or taste,
可能会出现体重下降或营养不良
they may lose weight or experience nutritional deficiencies
因为他们的饭量不足以维持健康的饮食
due to eating less than is necessary for maintaining a healthy diet.
我记得我曾避免参加
I remember avoiding parties
聚会或其它和饮食有关的社交活动
and other social events that would involve celebration meals.
在别人面前进食是一个痛苦的过程
Eating in front of others was generally a painful process for me.
所以每天的午饭期间
So I’d hide in the girls bathroom
我都会躲在女厕所 直到午饭结束
during lunch period every day until it was over.
2.神经性厌食症
2. Anorexia Nervosa.
一听见“进食障碍”这个词
This is the type everyone usually first thinks of
大家最先想到的就是这种情况
when they hear the term eating disorder.
神经性厌食症患者痴迷于完善自己的体型
People with anorexia nervosa are obsessed with perfecting their body image,
他们喜欢通过限制卡路里的摄入
they like to remain in control by limiting the amount of calories
来达到理想中的体型
they consume to achieve their ideal body shape,
甚至当他们体重过轻时也这样
even when there are severely underweight,
但患者无法看清这一点
people with this disorder have a hard time recognizing it.
他们的强迫症行为驱使着他们
Driven by their obsessive compulsive behaviors,
他们的自我知觉扭曲
they adapt distorted self perceptions
对自己的好期望变得危险
and have dangerously high expectations.
3.神经性贪食症
3. Bulimia Nervosa.
这种进食障碍的患者
People with this type of eating disorder,
放任自己暴饮暴食
indulge in a large amount of food
但不久后就排空自己
and make themselves purged shortly after.
排空使他们感到如释重负
Purging gives them a sense of relief.
并且与神经性厌食症相似
And similarly to anorexia nervosa,
这使他们感觉能控制自己的身体
this helps them feel like they’re in control of their own bodies.
但神经性贪食症更难被人发现
It may be hard for others to spot those with bulimia nervosa
因为患者可能能维持正常体重
because they might be able to maintain normal weight.
4.暴食症
4. Binge Eating Disorder.
暴食症患者每天都暴饮暴食
People who binge eat consume a large amount of food on a day-to-day basis,
他们每日卡路里摄入量经常会超过正常值
they often exceed the suggested daily calorie intake
他们通常超重或肥胖
and are usually overweight or obese.
暴食症患者常为自己感到羞耻
People with binge eating disorder often feel ashamed of themselves
觉得自己不能控制自己的身体
and do not feel in control of their bodies.
如果这种病患不寻求治疗
If people with this type of disorder do not seek treatment,
就有患上心脏病和糖尿病的风险
they can run the risk of developing heart disease and diabetes.
5.异食癖
5. Pica
异食癖是一种进食障碍
Pica is an eating disorder,
会导致病人吃不可食用的东西
in which the individual consumes non-food items
如石头 纸和头发
such as rocks, paper and hair.
尽管病因尚不明确
Although the causes of it are unknown.
但研究者假定它会受这些因素影响
Researchers hypothesize that it can be influenced by factors,
如压力 发展失常和低社会经济地位
such as stress, developmental disorders and low socioeconomic status.
据报道称 异食癖常伴有营养不良
Most often though, pica is reported alongside nutritional deficiencies.
和吃其它不可食用的东西一样
Like any consumption of non-food items,
异食癖有感染和中毒的风险
pica has the risk of infections and poisoning.
6.夜间睡眠相关进食障碍
6. Nocturnal Sleep-Related Eating Disorder.
当人睡觉时无意识地进食时
This type of eating disorder occurs
这种进食障碍就发生了
when individuals unknowingly eat in their sleep,
病人可能会漫步到冰箱橱柜
they may roam their kitchen cabinets in fridge
或直接在床上吃东西
or eat straight in bed.
据《健康与环境》所说
According to Healthy Place,
有些人的食物搭配还很奇怪
some people have reported eating strange combinations of food,
如热狗蘸花生酱
such as hotdogs, dipped in peanut butter.
这种进食障碍影响着
This type of eating disorder affects
全球三分之一的人口
one to three percent of the world’s general population.
你经历过这些进食障碍吗？
Have you experienced any of these disorders?
请在评论区和我们分享你的故事
Please share your story with us below.
我们想让你们知道你们并不孤独
We want you to know that you’re not alone,
并且这是有办法治疗的
and there are ways to seek treatment.
在下方的简介栏中
In our description box below,
我们为你们提供了一些有用的资源
we provided some helpful sources for you.
如果你们有想让我们探索的某个话题
If you have any specific topic requests you’d like to explore,
也请在下方评论让我们知道
please let us know as well with a comment.
同时请一定要订阅我们的频道 获取更多有用的技巧
Also please be sure to subscribe to our channel for more helpful tips
并将本视频分享给别人
and share this video with others.
在你们的帮助下
With your help,
我们能让更多的人了解精神和心理问题
we can reach more people to spread awareness on mental health issues.
感谢收看！
Thanks for watching!